Diagnosis and Treatment Outcomes and Influencing Factors of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Based on Patient Pathway / 中国医学科学院学报

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become one of the major challenges in the global tuberculosis (TB) control.Despite years of efforts on MDR-TB control,the treatment success rates in China have increased slowly,which indicates possible deficiencies in the management of prevention and control work.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the current status of MDR-TB prevention and treatment based on the patient pathway.This review summarizes the current drop-out situation of MDR-TB patients in the diagnosis and treatment pathway and the factors affecting patients' outcomes in the whole pathway,so as to provide a scientific reference for the prevention and control of MDR-TB.

Factors associated with a SARS-CoV-2 recurrence after hospital discharge among patients with COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

BACKGROUND@#The proportion of recurrences after discharge among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported to be between 9.1% and 31.0%. Little is known about this issue, however, so we performed a meta-analysis to summarize the demographical, clinical, and laboratorial characteristics of non-recurrence and recurrence groups.@*METHODS@#Comprehensive searches were conducted using eight electronic databases. Data regarding the demographic, clinical, and laboratorial characteristics of both recurrence and non-recurrence groups were extracted, and quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted.@*RESULTS@#Ten studies involving 2071 COVID-19 cases were included in this analysis. The proportion of recurrence cases involving patients with COVID-19 was 17.65% (between 12.38% and 25.16%) while older patients were more likely to experience recurrence (weighted mean difference (WMD)=1.67, range between 0.08 and 3.26). The time from discharge to recurrence was 13.38 d (between 12.08 and 14.69 d). Patients were categorized as having moderate severity (odds ratio (OR)=2.69, range between 1.30 and 5.58), while those with clinical symptoms including cough (OR=5.52, range between 3.18 and 9.60), sputum production (OR=5.10, range between 2.60 and 9.97), headache (OR=3.57, range between 1.36 and 9.35), and dizziness (OR=3.17, range between 1.12 and 8.96) were more likely to be associated with recurrence. Patients presenting with bilateral pulmonary infiltration and decreased leucocyte, platelet, and CD4@*CONCLUSIONS@#The main factors associated with the recurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) after hospital discharge were older age, moderate severity, bilateral pulmonary infiltration, laboratory findings including decreased leucocytes, platelets, and CD4

Clinical and imaging features of premature infants with different degrees of bronchopulmonary dysplasia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical and imaging features of premature infants with different degrees of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective study was performed on the clinical data of 59 premature infants (gestational age <32 weeks) with BPD. Among the 59 premature infants, 37 cases had mild BPD and the other 22 cases had moderate to severe BPD. The clinical and imaging data were compared between these premature infants with different degrees of BPD.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The durations of mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, antibiotic therapy, parenteral nutrition, and hospitalization in the moderate to severe group were significantly longer than those in the mild group (P<0.05). The incidence of nosocomial infection and number of times of red blood cell transfusion in the moderate to severe group were significantly higher than that in the mild group. The rates of X-ray changes, including grade I respiratory distress syndrome (1 day after birth) and hypolucency of lungs (4-10 days and ≥ 28 days after birth) were significantly higher in the mild group than in the moderate to severe group. The rates of X-ray changes in classical BPD stage III (4-10 days after birth) and IV (≥ 28 days after birth) were significantly higher in the moderate to severe group than in the mild group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The durations of mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, and antibiotic therapy and the incidence of nosocomial infection are correlated with the severity of BPD. The premature infants with severer BPD need a longer duration of parenteral nutrition and more times of red blood cell transfusion and have more typical imaging changes of BPD. Imaging examination has a predictive value for the severity of BPD.</p>

Cross reactivity of mimotopes of hepatitis C virus hypervariable region 1 / 病毒学报

The cross reactivity of mimotopes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) was investigated to obtain epitopes that have high cross reactivity. Five expression vectors encoding B cell mimotopes fused with Trx were constructed, and the mimotope proteins were purified. The cross reactivity of mimotope proteins with HCV positive sera was determined by ELISA. HCV pseudotype particles (HCVpp) were generated and applied to evaluate neutralization effects of the sera of BALB/c mice immuned with the mimotope proteins on infection of Huh7. 5 cells. Our data showed that the mimotope proteins (P1, P2, P5, P6, P8) could react to the HCV positive sera. The HCVpp infection inhibition of the sera of BALB/c mice immuned with P6 or P8 was detectable. These results suggest that the mimotopes may be valuable in the studies of anti-HCV infection and development of HCV vaccines.

Detection of eotaxin and its clinical diagnosis value in patients with bronchial asthma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of eotaxin in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and the clinical value in the diagnosis of asthma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum eotaxin were measured by ELISA in 38 patients with asthma, 28 patients with non-asthma allergy, and 30 healthy controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of serum eotaxin in the asthma group were higher than those in the non-asthma allergic and control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, eotaxin levels in patients with acute asthma were significantly higher than those in patients with stable asthma (P<0.001). It was also found that the eotaxin levels of the acute asthma group were positively correlated to the amounts of eosinophils in peripheral blood (r=0.4196, P<0.001), and inversely correlated to the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (r=-0.3746, P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It suggests that eotaxin may play a crucial pathogenic role in the asthmatic process possibly by activating the allergic inflammatory cells and controlling the recruitment of eosinophils from blood to bronchial epithelium of the airway. The concentration of eotaxin is significantly associated with the attack of acute asthma and its severity. Eotaxin may be a potential therapeutic target in patients with asthma.</p>